55 North

In October 2024, 55 North announced the first close of its €300 million inaugural fund, having raised €134 million with backing from anchor investors Novo Holdings and EIFO (Export and Investment Fund of Denmark). Positioned as the world’s largest dedicated quantum technology fund, 55 North targets investments across quantum computing, sensing, and communications. The team is led by Managing Partner Dr. Owen Lozman (ex M Ventures), General Partners Dr. Helmut Katzgraber (ex Amazon, ex Microsoft), and Dr. Kai Hudek (ex IonQ), supported by European VC Vsquared Ventures and US-based Cambium Capital. The firm takes a stage-agnostic approach backing enabling technologies and full-stack solutions, with 75% supporting European companies (including 25% targeting Nordic firms) and 25% pursuing select worldwide opportunities. Initial investments include IQM’s €275 million Series B and co-leading Kiutra’s €13 million Series A-2, advancing Denmark’s National Strategy for Quantum Technology established in 2023.

Andreessen Horowitz

Andreessen Horowitz is an American private venture capital firm founded 2009 in Menlo Park California. Andreessen Horowitz participated in Rigetti Computing $40M Series B funding round in 2017 alongside other quantum investors. The firm also joined Lux Capital and others in Series A round valued at $24M in 2016 for Rigetti. Andreessen Horowitz invests in quantum computing startups across hardware software and applications focusing on transformative quantum technologies. The firm serves quantum technology entrepreneurs requiring venture capital funding for quantum computing companies and quantum technology commercialization. Andreessen Horowitz provides strategic guidance network access and operational support to quantum startups advancing quantum technology ecosystem and quantum computing industry development.

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory is a USA national laboratory founded in 1947, located in Upton, New York, operating under United States Department of Energy. Brookhaven leads Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage (C2QA), one of five DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Centers established in 2020, directed by Andrew Houck. C2QA brings together experts to co-design quantum hardware, software, and algorithms to achieve quantum advantage. The laboratory conducts quantum computing research spanning superconducting qubits, quantum algorithms, quantum networking, and quantum sensors. Brookhaven operates quantum computing testbeds and collaborates with over 1,500 experts across 115 academic, industry, and national science institutions. The laboratory serves quantum computing research community, government agencies, and industry partners requiring fundamental quantum research, quantum algorithm development, and quantum hardware co-design advancing towards practical quantum advantage for scientific applications in physics, chemistry, materials science, and national security.

Caltech

California Institute of Technology is a private research university founded September 23 1891 located in Pasadena California prominent leader in quantum research through Institute for Quantum Information and Matter focusing on theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum information science including quantum computation and quantum many-body physics. In September 2025, Caltech scientists built a record-breaking array of 6,100 neutral-atom qubits, announced on September 25, 2025, representing a critical step toward powerful error-corrected quantum computers and demonstrating Caltech’s leadership in neutral atom quantum computing technology. The upcoming Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Center for Quantum Precision Measurement set to open in 2025 will bolster capabilities uniting quantum research disciplines. Caltech conducts quantum research spanning quantum algorithms quantum error correction quantum materials quantum sensors quantum networks and quantum simulation. The university quantum programs have produced numerous breakthrough discoveries and quantum technology spinouts including PINC Technologies serving quantum research community through fundamental quantum research and quantum education programs.

Classiq

Classiq has revolutionized quantum software development with its groundbreaking platform that automatically synthesizes high-level functional models into optimized quantum circuits. Founded in 2020 by Nir Minerbi, Yehuda Naveh, and Amir Naveh, the company addresses one of quantum computing’s biggest challenges: translating complex algorithms into efficient quantum circuits. Classiq’s platform uses advanced synthesis algorithms to automatically generate, optimize, and analyze quantum circuits, dramatically reducing development time from months to days. The platform supports multiple quantum hardware backends and integrates with existing quantum development frameworks, enabling developers to focus on algorithm logic rather than low-level circuit optimization. In May 2025, Classiq raised $110 million in Series C funding, the largest ever for a quantum software company. In October 2025, Classiq was named to Fast Company’s annual Next Big Things in Tech list in the Computing, Chips and Foundational Technology category for transforming how organizations produce software for quantum computers, with Classiq technology being used by dozens of global enterprises and at over 400 universities. In October 2025, Comcast launched a quantum lab and began trials using quantum computing to improve broadband network management, partnering with D-Wave and Classiq to test applications such as traffic optimization and predictive issue resolution. Classiq has secured significant funding and partnerships with quantum hardware companies, cloud providers, and research institutions. Their technology has been adopted by organizations ranging from startups to Fortune 500 companies working on quantum applications in finance, chemistry, optimization, and machine learning. As quantum computers scale toward practical applications, Classiq’s software synthesis approach becomes increasingly critical for unlocking quantum advantage.

Creative Destruction Lab

Creative Destruction Lab (CDL) is a nonprofit organization founded in 2012 at University of Toronto Rotman School of Management operating seed-stage accelerator program for science-based and technology startups. CDL launched dedicated quantum machine learning stream in 2018 becoming one of first accelerators focused on quantum technology startups. CDL Quantum stream provides mentorship funding and network access to quantum computing startups quantum software companies and quantum technology entrepreneurs. The program connects quantum founders with leading quantum researchers industry experts and investors. CDL has accelerated numerous quantum startups advancing quantum technology commercialization and quantum computing industry development. CDL serves quantum technology entrepreneurs requiring acceleration support strategic guidance and investor access for quantum computing companies quantum software development and quantum technology commercialization supporting Canadian quantum leadership.

DCVC

DCVC (Data Collective) is a venture capital and private equity firm founded in 2011 and based in San Francisco/Palo Alto, California, led by founders and managing partners Matt Ocko and Zachary Bogue. DCVC made notable quantum computing investments including Rigetti Computing ($24M Early Stage Series A in 2017, company went public in 2021) and Q-CTRL (undisclosed Seed round in 2018 as lead investor). DCVC’s quantum investment strategy focuses on companies selling picks and shovels to businesses building quantum systems rather than building quantum computers themselves, with Rigetti being the main exception. The firm invests in data-driven deep tech companies leveraging computational technologies including quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and advanced computing infrastructure. DCVC serves quantum technology startups requiring venture capital for scaling quantum control systems, quantum processors, and quantum computing infrastructure. The firm provides strategic guidance and capital for early-stage quantum technology companies.

Development Bank of Japan Quantum Investment

Development Bank of Japan (DBJ) is a national financial institution partnering on quantum computing commercialization initiatives including cold atom quantum computer development. DBJ provides strategic financing and investment for Japan’s quantum technology ecosystem as part of the government’s industrial policy. The bank’s involvement demonstrates Japan’s commitment to mobilizing both public and private capital to build a competitive quantum computing industry and achieve technological sovereignty in this critical sector.

Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university founded 1636 in Cambridge Massachusetts. Central to Harvard quantum initiatives is Harvard Quantum Initiative uniting researchers from various disciplines to advance quantum science and engineering. In September 2025, a team of Harvard physicists led by Mikhail Lukin (Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor) achieved a historic breakthrough by building the first quantum computer that can operate continuously for over 2 hours without restarting, published in Nature. The system operates an array of more than 3,000 qubits (neutral atoms) and theoretically could continue indefinitely, representing a massive improvement over existing quantum computers that typically run for milliseconds or at most 13 seconds. The breakthrough was achieved by replenishing qubits in real time, injecting new atoms at a rate of 300,000 per second using an optical lattice conveyor belt system to counteract atom loss and maintain quantum information, with over 50 million atoms cycled through the system during the two-hour demonstration. This transformative achievement demonstrates that quantum computers capable of running forever in practice are now just three years away (down from five+ years previously), marking a critical milestone toward practical, continuously operating quantum computing systems. Harvard Quantum Initiative is one of strongest in country heavily focused on quantum networking quantum chemistry and quantum materials research. Harvard conducts quantum research spanning quantum processors quantum algorithms quantum communication networks quantum simulation and quantum sensing. The university maintains partnerships with leading quantum companies including QuEra Computing and government agencies. Harvard serves quantum research community through fundamental quantum research quantum education programs and technology transfer advancing quantum information science and quantum technology commercialization supporting USA quantum leadership.

InnovationQuarter

InnovationQuarter is the regional development agency for Zuid-Holland province in the Netherlands, founded in 2005 and based in The Hague, investing in innovative companies including quantum technology and quantum security startups. InnovationQuarter participated in Q*Bird’s 2.5 million euro funding round in May 2024, supporting Delft-based quantum key distribution company. The organization provides investment capital, business development support, and ecosystem connections to high-tech startups and scale-ups in Zuid-Holland region, home to quantum technology clusters in Delft, Leiden, and Rotterdam. InnovationQuarter focuses on deep tech including quantum technologies, photonics, life sciences, and cleantech. The organization serves Zuid-Holland quantum ecosystem connecting startups with QuTech research center, TNO, universities, and corporate partners. InnovationQuarter invests in quantum communications, quantum security, quantum sensing, and quantum computing companies commercializing research from Delft University of Technology and Leiden University. The organization contributes to Netherlands quantum technology leadership building innovation infrastructure and supporting growth of quantum startups in one of Europe’s leading quantum technology regions.

IonQ

In 2024-2025, IonQ raised approximately $372.6 million through an at-the-market equity offering (announced March 10, 2025), bringing the company’s cash balance to over $700 million. The company secured a major contract with Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) in July 2025 to deliver a 100-qubit quantum system for South Korea’s first National Quantum Computing Centre of Excellence. IonQ also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Japan’s AIST to provide access to IonQ’s Forte-class quantum computers. At Quantum World Congress 2025, IonQ announced a groundbreaking advancement in quantum chemistry simulations with its quantum-classical auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (QC-AFQMC) algorithm, demonstrating unprecedented precision in computing atomic-level forces with potential applications in drug discovery and climate change solutions. On October 7, 2025, IonQ completed the acquisition of Vector Atomic, a California-based quantum sensing company, in an all-stock transaction. The acquisition brought 75+ employees, scientists, engineers, and operators to IonQ, along with precision atomic clocks, inertial sensors, gravimeters, and synchronization hardware technology. Vector Atomic secured over $200 million in government contracts and holds 29 pending and issued patents in quantum sensing and timing. The acquisition expands IonQ’s portfolio from quantum computing into quantum sensing, timing, and navigation markets, with Vector Atomic’s technology delivering 1,000x improvement in GPS accuracy and picosecond-level timing precision for defense, aerospace, and commercial applications.

IQM

On September 3, 2025, IQM secured $320 million (€275 million) in a Series B funding round led by Ten Eleven Ventures and 55 North, bringing total capital to $600 million - the largest quantum computing funding outside the United States. IQM reached a significant production milestone by manufacturing 30 full-stack quantum computers at its facility in Espoo, Finland. The company deployed Poland’s first superconducting quantum computer at Wrocław University of Science and Technology, expected to become operational in Q2 2025. In early September 2025, IQM’s 5-qubit Spark system was installed at the Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute in Taipei, marking the first fully integrated superconducting quantum computer in a Taiwanese research environment. IQM also made its 20-qubit quantum processing unit, IQM Garnet, available through Amazon Braket, marking the first time IQM’s quantum computers are accessible via cloud in a self-service, on-demand model and expanding Amazon Braket’s availability to the AWS Europe (Stockholm) Region.

Kleiner Perkins

Kleiner Perkins is an American venture capital firm founded 1972 in Menlo Park California. Kleiner Perkins has coinvested with other major VCs such as Sequoia Andreessen Horowitz and Y Combinator on quantum opportunities. The firm invests in quantum computing startups and quantum technology companies supporting quantum innovation and commercialization. Kleiner Perkins serves quantum technology entrepreneurs requiring venture capital funding for quantum computing companies quantum software development and quantum technology commercialization. The firm provides strategic guidance network access and operational support to quantum startups advancing quantum technology ecosystem and quantum computing industry development supporting quantum innovation worldwide.

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a USA federal agency founded March 3, 1901, located in Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado, operating under United States Department of Commerce. NIST conducts quantum computing research developing quantum standards, quantum metrology, post-quantum cryptography standards, and quantum networking protocols. The Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) is collaboration between NIST and University of Maryland conducting fundamental quantum research spanning trapped ions, neutral atoms, superconducting qubits, and quantum simulation. NIST leads National Quantum Initiative coordination through National Quantum Coordination Office housed within White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. In 2024 NIST published first post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204, 205) protecting against quantum computer threats. NIST serves government agencies, industry, and research institutions requiring quantum standards, quantum measurement techniques, and quantum-safe cryptography standards. NIST advances quantum technology through fundamental research, standards development, and technology transfer supporting USA quantum leadership.

Pasqal

In June 2024, Pasqal achieved a significant milestone by successfully loading over 1,000 atoms in a single shot, trapping more than 1,110 atoms within approximately 2,000 traps, demonstrating the feasibility of large-scale neutral atom quantum computing. In December 2024, Pasqal deployed a 100-qubit neutral atom quantum computer at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre in Germany as part of the HPCQS project, expected to be available for use by June 2025. On May 13, 2025, Pasqal partnered with Google Cloud to offer its 100-qubit QPU on Google Cloud Marketplace, including tools for workflow integration and post-processing results with a flexible pay-as-you-go model. Pasqal’s roadmap targets 10,000 qubits by 2026, and in April 2024, the company partnered with Welinq to achieve projected 10,000-qubit QPUs with high-fidelity two-qubit gates in the 2026-2027 timeframe. The company is already delivering quantum computers with over 100 qubits to end users.

Peking University Quantum Materials and Devices Center

Peking University Quantum Materials and Devices Center is a major research center for quantum materials, devices, and computing, contributing talent to Chinese quantum companies. The center conducts fundamental research on quantum materials and devices. The center’s research spans topological materials, superconducting materials, and quantum devices, providing scientific foundations for China’s quantum hardware development and training the next generation of quantum scientists.

Company Information

• Founded: 2015
• Country: China
• Website: https://pku.edu.cn
• Categories: hardware, quantum components, quantum education, quantum investment, quantum research, superconducting, topological

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Photon Spot

Photon Spot is a California-based company specializing in sub-Kelvin cryogenic systems and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) for quantum technology applications. Founded in 2009 and headquartered in Monrovia, California, the company offers detectors with ultralow dark counts, precise timing resolution, and high quantum efficiency, combined with cryogenic systems operating at temperatures below 1 Kelvin. Photon Spot’s products serve quantum communications, quantum computing, quantum sensing, and semiconductor diagnostics applications. The company’s ultra-compact, ultra-low vibration cryogenic systems support time-resolved imaging applications benefiting integrated circuit manufacturers and quantum technology researchers. Primary customers include research institutions, national laboratories, and companies engaged in quantum-related research and development. Backed by investors including the National Science Foundation, Photon Spot represents American innovation in single-photon detection technology critical to photonic quantum computing, quantum key distribution, and quantum metrology applications.

Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university founded 1746 in Princeton New Jersey. Princeton Center for Complex Materials and Princeton Quantum Initiative provide top training in quantum information science. Princeton conducts quantum research spanning quantum processors quantum algorithms quantum materials quantum networks and quantum simulation. The university quantum programs advance fundamental quantum science and quantum technology development. Princeton maintains research partnerships with government laboratories and quantum computing companies. Princeton serves quantum research community through quantum physics research quantum engineering programs and quantum education advancing quantum information science and quantum technology development supporting USA quantum competitiveness and scientific leadership in quantum computing.

PsiQuantum

In September 2025, PsiQuantum announced the closing of a $1 billion Series E funding round, valuing the company at $7 billion and enabling construction of utility-scale quantum sites in Brisbane, Australia, and Chicago, United States. The round was led by affiliates of BlackRock and backed by Temasek, Baillie Gifford, Macquarie Capital, Ribbit Capital, NVentures, Adage Capital Management, the Qatar Investment Authority, Type One Ventures, Counterpoint Global, 1789 Capital and S Ventures. The company secured significant funding from the Australian and Queensland governments in 2024 to build the world’s first utility-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer in Brisbane with target completion by the end of 2027. In February 2025, DARPA selected PsiQuantum to advance to the final phase of its Utility-Scale Quantum Computing Program. On April 15, 2025, PsiQuantum secured a $10.8 million contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The company is now breaking ground on major facilities in both Chicago and Brisbane, building million-qubit scale fault-tolerant quantum computers using high-volume manufacturing of integrated photonic chips and 300 mm wafers produced at GlobalFoundries Fab 8 in New York.

QAI Ventures

QAI Ventures is a Basel, Switzerland-based venture capital and accelerator founded in 2020, dedicated to advancing global quantum technology innovation in Quantum, AI, and Advanced Computing. The firm operates offices in Basel (Switzerland), Calgary (Canada), Tokyo (Japan), and Singapore (Asia-Pacific headquarters in partnership with Enterprise Singapore). QAI Ventures runs leading global accelerator programs for startups building quantum technologies, quantum-inspired solutions, and advanced computing, supporting companies from lab to commercialization and IPO. Startups receive up to $200K via convertible note with top-performing teams accessing follow-on funding up to $2M in equity. In March 2025, QAI Ventures launched North America’s first quantum technology accelerator in Calgary partnering with Quantum City initiative by University of Calgary. QAI Ventures connects startups to local and global capital, mentors, and infrastructure across regional hubs worldwide, accelerating quantum technology commercialization.

Quantinuum

In 2024-2025, Quantinuum achieved several historic milestones with its H-series quantum computers. The company surpassed a quantum volume of one million (1,048,576 or 2^20) and later achieved 33.5 million, surpassing competitors by a factor of 16,000. Quantinuum achieved ’three 9’s’ (99.9%) 2-qubit gate fidelity in its commercial quantum computer. In collaboration with Microsoft, the company demonstrated the most reliable logical qubits to date, with error rates 800 times lower than corresponding physical circuit error rates, advancing Quantinuum’s System Model H2 to Microsoft’s Level 2—Resilient phase of quantum computing. With JPMorgan Chase, Quantinuum achieved a 100x improvement over existing industry benchmarks using the H2-1 quantum computer with 56 trapped-ion qubits, setting a new world record for the cross entropy benchmark. The company announced its next system, Helios, set to launch in 2025 with 96 qubits and enhanced computational capabilities expected by mid-2025. In August 2025, Quantinuum raised approximately $400 million in a Series B funding round at a valuation of $10 billion. The round included a $50 million investment from Quanta at $26.76 per share, marking a major milestone in quantum computing financing. This Series B positions Quantinuum as one of the highest-valued quantum computing companies globally and provides capital to advance the development of the Helios system and expand commercial quantum computing services.

Quantonation

Quantonation is the first early-stage venture capital fund dedicated to quantum technology ecosystem, founded in 2018 in Paris by Charles Beigbeder and Christophe Jurczak. Quantonation invests globally in deep technologies based on advances in physics and computing across four areas: quantum computing (hardware and software), quantum networks, quantum sensing, and deep physics. Headquartered in Paris, France and Boston, USA, Quantonation has investments in Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific. Quantonation I (2021 vintage) raised €91 million beyond original target, making investments in 27 companies worldwide. In April 2024, Quantonation announced first closing of Quantonation II at €70 million toward €200 million target. The European Investment Fund committed €30 million to Quantonation II in 2025. Quantonation leverages scientific expertise to guide investments in quantum technologies and deep physics, supporting early-stage startups transforming quantum research into commercial applications.

Quantum Exponential

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Quantum Machines

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Qubits Ventures

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Rigetti Computing

In 2024-2025, Rigetti Computing completed a $350 million at-the-market equity offering during Q2 2025, bolstering the company’s cash position to approximately $575 million with no debt. In December 2024, Rigetti launched its 84-qubit Ankaa-3 quantum processor, achieving record-high fidelity with a 99.0% median iSWAP gate fidelity and 99.5% median fSim gate fidelity. In 2025, Rigetti unveiled Cepheus-1-36Q, a 36-qubit multi-chip quantum computer now generally available, demonstrating a two-fold reduction in two-qubit gate error rate compared to the preceding Ankaa-3 system, achieving a median two-qubit gate fidelity of 99%. The company anticipates releasing a 100+ qubit system, also chiplet-based, with a target median two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.5% before the end of 2025. In collaboration with Riverlane and the National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC), Rigetti won £3.5 million from Innovate UK to enhance quantum error correction capabilities on superconducting quantum computers.

SDT

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TU Delft

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Y Combinator

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Yale University

Yale University is a private Ivy League research university founded 1701 in New Haven Connecticut. Yale University has established itself as leader in quantum research fostering collaboration across physics engineering and computer science with Yale Quantum Institute serving as central hub bringing together researchers to explore quantum information processing quantum materials and quantum sensing. Yale conducts quantum research spanning superconducting qubits quantum processors quantum algorithms quantum error correction and quantum networks. Yale quantum programs have produced significant breakthroughs in superconducting quantum computing and quantum information processing. Yale serves quantum research community through fundamental quantum research quantum education programs and industry partnerships advancing quantum computing and quantum technologies.